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Cover Story
迎戰網購洪流 三大行業人才炙手可熱
05 Feb 2016
網上零售商能不受時間和地域限制,加強與世界各地消費者的聯繫,有助擴大客戶群。
今日科技進步,消費者足不出戶,便可在網上輕鬆購物。
電子商貿開拓龐大商機,物流和速遞業紛紛出現人才荒,業界只好改善運作模式,紓緩人手不足的壓力。
電子商貿發展一日千里,市民只要一機在手,便可以隨時隨地透過網絡輕鬆購物,形成零售商直接面向消費者銷售產品和服務的B2C交易模式。為提高消費者的網絡購物意願,各大零售商正積極拓展電子商務渠道,並利用其不受時間及地域限制的優勢,乘勢吸納新客戶,發掘更廣大的商機。與此同時,資訊科技業和物流速遞業亦緊貼網購趨勢,預早洞悉市場對行內專才的需求日增,開始大量招聘人手,以應付市場所需。今期《JobMarket》重點探討資訊科技、零售及物流速遞三大行業,解構他們如何在網購洪流下開拓營商機遇。
IT專才上位
打造安全、方便網購平台
隨着資訊科技的應用日趨普及,各行各業對IT人才科技訓練發展委員會發表的《資訊科技業2014年度人力調查報告書》指,前年全港約有八萬三千名資訊科技業從業員,較2012年上升5.4%;並預測資訊科技產品及服務供應商,以及零售批發及出入口貿易、飲食業及酒店業,相關的資訊科技人力增長將會最多。香港零售科技商會副會長梁偉峯表示,現時本港流動通訊已發展至4G高速上網,加上不少公共場所都設有WiFi熱點,市民可隨時隨地進行網上購物,令B2C電子商貿快速興起。「愈來愈多商戶透過手機應用程式開拓業務,手機應用程式開發員因而非常吃香。」
泰美商業科技有限公司營運總監周靄儀(Daisy)則認為,電子商貿發展愈蓬勃,對IT從業員的要求亦會愈高,除了懂得編寫網頁及軟件程式外,他們還要學會設計簡潔實用的手機介面、接駁不同的網上收付款關閘,「並且能因應不同網上商店的銷售策略,包括季節促銷、捆綁式銷售等,去設計資料庫及進行數據分析。」
在電子商貿交易中,信用卡是最普遍的支付方法,但網購發展初期,網上收付款系統未臻成熟,令不少商戶蒙受「否認交易」的風險損失。Daisy說:「近年網上保安機制漸趨完善,加上信用卡安全碼(Security code)和VISA驗證服務(VBV)的生成,已大大降低交易風險。」然而,信用卡始終含有大量個人資料,為保障消費者的權益,網上商戶必須進一步加強電子保安,資訊保安專家因而乘勢彈起。梁偉峯指:「他們不但要確保交易系統運作暢順,還要保證網站不被駭客入侵,避免消費者的個人或信用卡資料外泄。」
「除資訊保安專家外, 行內對商業顧問(Business consultant)的需求亦愈來愈大。」Daisy解釋,現時大部分商戶均借助IT公司的專業電腦技術,建立優質可靠的網購平台,故他們大多都未能掌握網上貿易系統的實際應用方法。「商業顧問的職責便是,由所屬的IT公司指派,以提升網店的生意額為目標,協助商戶妥善管理網上商店系統。除此之外,他們亦要幫助商戶清楚列明商品資料,避免因資料出錯而招來消費者投訴,甚至誤觸《商品說明條例》。」據了解,商業顧問的薪酬包含底薪和佣金兩部分,以泰美商業科技有限公司為例,「商業顧問的底薪約有一萬元。表現理想者,更有機會接觸大客戶,並負責逾百萬元的項目,從而賺取可觀佣金。」
回應零售環境轉變
提高綫上綫下服務
香港互動市務商會創會會長方保僑認同,近年B2C電子商貿興起,令港人逐漸養成網購習慣,加快零售商進軍網購領域。「更重要的是,香港鋪租高昂,為降低經營成本,除大企業外,不少中、小企業都已着手拓展電子業務,進一步推動電子商貿的發展。」香港零售管理協會主席、連卡佛載思有限公司常務董事鄭偉雄則認為,租金壓力只是其中一個外在因素,經營電子商貿而得的銷售及推廣效益,才是商戶的着眼點。「網上零售商能不受時間和地域限制,加強與世界各地消費者的聯繫,為他們提供商品資訊和銷售服務,將有助擴大客戶群,迎來更大商機。」
為了讓顧客享受方便、高效的購物服務,近年連卡佛正積極建立「綫上綫下相結合」的購物平台,鄭偉雄表示:「都市人工作忙碌,即使有想購入的商品,亦只能趁工作過後、夜黑人靜時上網購買;連卡佛的網上商城,正好為他們提供預留商品服務。顧客只需要預先在網上選定心水貨品,便可到分店直接取貨,待親身體驗後再決定購買與否。我們還會提供免費送貨服務,為他們省下不少時間。」據了解,連卡佛早於四、五年前便開始投資網上業務,未來還打算自行開發新電子購物平台,加強綫上綫下的無縫體驗,投資額將數以億元計。「為此我們成立了一個新團隊,並已增聘了數十名員工。」
屈臣氏集團有限公司回覆本刊時亦表示,為配合零售環境的轉變,公司已制定實體店鋪和網購雙綫發展策略,繼2014年推出手機應用程式iWatsons後, 去年亦推出網頁版電子商店,方便顧客隨時隨地選購貨品。「我們每月還會推出不同的優惠及會員專享服務,例如限量精品優先預訂服務,全面照顧客戶需要。」去年屈臣氏再進一步,推出「網購店取CLICK & COLLECT」服務,以實體店鋪網絡配合電子商店,讓顧客選擇到指定屈臣氏分店和順豐站,共一百個地點取貨。「為提高顧客的個人購物體驗,如果他們選擇到指定屈臣氏分店取貨,將可體驗實體店的專業貼心服務,包括由註冊藥劑師、營養師、中醫師、育嬰顧問提供的諮詢服務。」
雖然本港零售業持續吹淡風,但由於行內長期缺人,業界對從業員的需求仍有增無減。屈臣氏表示,為回應競爭激烈的零售市場,公司將繼續投放大量資源予綫上綫下的電子商務平台,「我們將增聘有關數據處理、市場營銷、送貨服務及商貿發展等人手。」鄭偉雄亦坦言:「電子商貿仍處於起步階段,對人才需求甚殷,當中又以資訊科技及數碼營銷部門最渴求人才。我們從半年前開始招聘Digital Marketing Manager (數碼營銷經理),月薪約有四至五萬元,惟至今仍乏人問津。」他慨歎,現階段的電子商貿人才供應仍遠追不上需求,商戶只好透過內部培訓及人手關調配,填補相職位空缺。
物流速遞高端發展
人手荒嚴重
當供應商出貨後,要保證貨品能安全地送到消費者手上,物流和速遞業擔當不可或缺的角色。香港貨運物流業協會主席蘇立夫表示,多年來B2B(企業對企業)發展成熟,物流業需要時間適應B2C的運作模式,「以前一個貨櫃由一位或幾位寄貨人,送至同一個進口商;今日卻是,一個貨櫃由幾位或多位寄貨人,送至多位消費者的手上,入口商、貨倉和分配中心的操作模式已大不相同。」
電子商貿開拓龐大商機,然而物流業形象不討好、體力工作負荷又龐大,故年輕一代都不願入行,行內因而出現嚴重人才荒。蘇立夫指,負責倉位、船位預訂、預備提單等工作的操作部員工需求殷切,「依地區計,機場的貨倉員工最困難。因為機場位置偏遠,員工需要花更多時間和金錢在交通上,加上貨機通常在零晨開動,發貨時間又無分周末或假期,員工需要輪班和不定期加班工作,難以吸引追求工作與生活平衡的年輕人入行。」
物流業出現人才荒,速遞業亦面臨同樣情況。香港速遞業協會會長吳江指,業內有約一萬人,目前仍欠缺約二、三千人,「前綫速遞員最缺人。」UC亞洲聯合速遞公司行政總裁莫浩強更揚言:「月薪一萬五千元亦無人願意做。」他指出,雖然電子商貿帶動速遞業,需要大量人手處理貨件,但由於網上店鋪以便宜作招徠,反而對業界造成壓力,令中、小企業難以生存。「以託運一件五公斤淘寶的貨物為例,我們只可從中獲利十五元,利潤十分之低。」吳江亦解釋:「網上店鋪要求送貨的數量很多,要求我們配合,但由於人手不足,很多時出現貨品被撞壞、延誤的問題。」
為了紓緩人手不足的壓力,速遞業已逐漸改善模式,由速遞員提供的到戶派遞服務,轉為電子儲物櫃讓客戶自取,以解燃眉之急。同時,物流及速遞業正走向高端發展,採用射頻識別技術(RFID)、全球定位系統、物流軟件系統,不但提高工作效率,亦能提升從業員的形象。吳江表示,協會曾與工聯會、僱員再培訓局開辦相關培訓課程,惟業界反應欠佳,「由於這行業是勞動型工作,很多速遞員只有小學程度,甚至是退休人士,這些課程反而會嚇怕他們。」因此他期望,業界能與從業員建立良好的溝通渠道、加快改善工作裝備,從而吸引更多人才加入。
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